System, method, and computer program for damping a feedback load-change in a communication network managed by an automatic network management system

ABSTRACT

A system, method, and computer program product are provided for damping a feedback load-change in a communication network managed by an automatic network management system. In use, a first load change of a first communication network is determined of a first communication network. Additionally, a first configuration change is determined of a first communication network based on the first load change of the first communication network. A first tag record is created of the first communication network based on the first load change of the first communication network and the first configuration change of the first communication network. The first tag record of the first communication network is communicated to a second communication network.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims priority to: U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/639,910, entitled “SYSTEM, METHOD, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IMPLEMENTING PRUNING RULES IN AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) BASED NETWORK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM,” filed on Mar. 7, 2018; U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/639,913, entitled “SYSTEM, METHOD, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR DAMPING A FEEDBACK LOAD-CHANGE IN A COMMUNICATION NETWORK MANAGED BY AN AUTOMATIC NETWORK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM,” filed on Mar. 7, 2018; U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/639,923, entitled “SYSTEM, METHOD, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IMPLEMENTING A MARKETPLACE FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) BASED MANAGED NETWORK SERVICES,” filed on 03-7-2018; U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/642,524, entitled “A METHOD AND A SYSTEM FOR MITIGATING AN ATTACK ON A NETWORK BY EFFECTING FALSE ALARMS,” filed on 03-13-2018; U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/648,281, entitled “SYSTEM, METHOD, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR AUTOMATICALLY GENERATING TRAINING DATA FOR ANALYZING A NEW CONFIGURATION OF A COMMUNICATION NETWORK,” filed on Mar. 26, 2018; U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/648,287, entitled “SYSTEM, METHOD, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR IMPLEMENTING A MARKETPLACE FOR EDGE COMPUTING,” filed on Mar. 26, 2018; and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/660,142, entitled “SYSTEM, METHOD, AND COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR MITIGATING FALSIFIED LOG DATA PROVIDED TO AN AI-LEARNING SYSTEM MANAGING A COMMUNICATION NETWORK,” filed on Apr. 19, 2018, the entire contents of each of the listed applications which are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to damping a feedback load change, and more particularly to damping a feedback load change in a communication network managed by an automatic network management system.

BACKGROUND

The global communication network is made of numerous local communication networks that are interconnected in various manners. Any such local network may be connected to a plurality of other local networks, and possibly, two such local networks may be connected in two or more places. Therefore, any change in the operation of any network may influence its neighboring networks, and eventually all other local networks. Even further, virtual networks operated by virtual network operators (VNOs) may overlap the real networks. Such virtual network may partly overlap a real network, or partly overlap two or more real networks.

Modern communication networks, and particularly virtualized networks (e.g., NFV-based networks) support rapid reconfiguration of the network structure to support optimization, improve service quality and reduce costs. Automatic network management and/or orchestration, and particularly AI-based network management and/or orchestration systems, enable very fast response of the network reconfiguration process to changing requirements. The process of reconfiguration is aimed at shuffling load from place to place as fast as possible. Eventually this process affects the load conditions on neighboring and/or overlapping networks. One goal of an automatic network management and/or orchestration systems is to be sensitive and fast responding to changing load conditions at the network edges where it is coupled to customers and to other networks.

Such load-change followed by a configuration change causes a disturbance that spreads through the network and eventually affects one or more neighboring networks. The disturbance may thereafter spread through the neighboring networks into other networks and eventually bounce back and forth between networks including loops through two or more networks. In one embodiment, the disturbance wave may turn into an oscillation cycle where a network configuration changes back and forth several times, incurring unnecessary cost.

There is thus a need for addressing these and/or other issues associated with the prior art.

SUMMARY

A system, method, and computer program product are provided for damping a feedback load-change in a communication network managed by an automatic network management system. In use, a first load change of a first communication network is determined of a first communication network. Additionally, a first configuration change is determined of a first communication network based on the first load change of the first communication network. A first tag record is created of the first communication network based on the first load change of the first communication network and the first configuration change of the first communication network. The first tag record of the first communication network is communicated to a second communication network.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a method for automatically damping a feedback load change in a first communication network managed by an automatic network management system, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 2A illustrates a communication network and network management system, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 2B illustrates a network management system, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 2C illustrates a network management system, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 3 illustrates an event-log timeline, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 4A illustrates a method for processing log data, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 4B illustrates a method of a run time process using an AI-model, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 5 illustrates a network management system, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 6 illustrates a network management system, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 7 illustrates a system, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 8 illustrates a block diagram, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of software programs, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 10 illustrates a system for automatically damping a feedback load, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 11 illustrates a method for creating an association tag record, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 12 illustrates a method for damping feedback load based on weights, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 13 illustrates a method for mitigating a first feedback component received by a first communication network from a second communication network, in accordance with one embodiment.

FIG. 14 illustrates a network architecture, in accordance with one possible embodiment.

FIG. 15 illustrates an exemplary system, in accordance with one embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A modern public digital communication network provides many communication-related services to a very large number of customers where each customer may use a variety of services. Additionally, each service may be used by each customer in a variety of ways. In one embodiment, the business needs of many customers may rapidly change, thereby affecting the manner in which the communication services may be used. As such, business dynamics (and especially increasing business dynamics) may affect the network dynamics, as well as the configuration of the network and the network's services.

One purpose of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is to implement as many functions of the network as software running over a generic computer. As such, a virtual(ized) network function (VNF) can be instantiated almost anywhere on the network, based on a network/cluster of generic computers. This ability to instantiate VNFs allows network functions to be migrated throughout the network, which in turn, may lead to network reconfiguration. Additionally, fast migration and network reconfiguration may provide cost savings in both capital spending (CAPEX) and operational spending (OPEX).

In the context of the present description, the term “cost” may refer to any type of expenditure (such as associated with increased capital expenditure (CAPEX), and/or increased operational expenditure (OPEX)), as well as decreased revenues or a limitation on revenue increase. In one embodiment, OPEX may include, for example, a cost of electricity to power any network entity and/or dissipate heat resulting from the operation of any network entity. Additionally, OPEX may also include payment to any third party for using any type of hardware and/or software, including processing power, storage, transmission, etc.

Further, in the context of the present description, the term service configuration” may refer to a network configuration applicable for a particular service. Such particular service may be requested by, and/or proposed to, a particular customer (herein referred to as “requesting party”), for a specific time period, locality, and/or business structure. As such, a service configuration may apply to an entire basis or subset of a communication network(s).

For example, instead of planning a network to a combined worst case (such as a highest expected cumulative demand), CAPEX can be reduced by more accurately planning the network according to an optimized, time-dependent configuration. Thereafter, OPEX can be reduced in periods of low demand by migrating the operating VNFs to one or more central locations and shutting down unused data centers. This cost saving may be one the driving forces behind NFV. Therefore, fast and effective reconfiguration of the network may be a key element in the evolution of NFV and the telecom market.

In addition, the ability to reconfigure the network quickly (and cost effectively) may enable network operators to introduce new services faster, reduce time-to-market, and reduce onboarding costs. Fast and automatic reconfiguration also enable customers to place a demand for a service (e.g., a service level agreement or SLA) shortly before actual use, and request the service for a limited time. Together, fast and automatic reconfiguration may reduce the time and cost of doing business between network operators, operators of software service(s), and/or customers (such as consumers).

The network may be expected to adapt to a constant flow of service demands by continuously optimizing and reconfiguring the network. An optimized network (configuration) may include a network that runs close to its current maximum capacity while providing all required services (based on service level agreements (SLAs) or a similar form of service requirements definition). As the actual (real-time) demand changes, the network configuration may be changed, both by adding or removing infrastructure (e.g., turning hardware on or off), and by migrating and instantiating, or removing VNFs.

The network management system should be able to predict situations requiring network reconfiguration early enough to enable the network to compute the optimized new configuration and effect (orchestrate) it before the actual need arises. Due to the network complexity and the speed of change of demands, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) may be required to meet such a technical demand.

As such, the network management system may generally relate to telecommunications and/or data communications, and, more particularly to the management of a telecommunication network and/or a data network, and, more particularly to network management using artificial intelligence (AI).

FIG. 1 illustrates a method 100 for automatically damping a feedback load change in a first communication network managed by an automatic network management system, in accordance with one embodiment. In one embodiment, the automatic damping may be processed by an artificial intelligence network management system.

As shown, a first load change of a first communication network managed by an automatic network management system is determined. See operation 102. In the context of the present description, a load change may refer to any change in load, change of a load requirement, and/or a change in the use or consumption of such network characteristic, parameter, and/or associated service.

In the context of the present description, a communication network (including simply a network), may refer to any type of communication network, including analog, digital, wired, and/or wireless communication networks such as WANs, LANs, PANs, etc. Additionally, in the context of the present description, a network may also refer to hardware and/or software. As a non-limiting example, a network may refer to a public service telephony network (PSTN), a public service data network (PSDN), a public land mobile network (PLMN), cellular network, and/or a combination thereof.

It should be noted that when a feedback load change is identified, the effect of the load change on an optimization process determining the need for a change in the configuration of a communication network may be damped. For example, the feedback component in a load change may be reduced or entirely eliminated.

In the context of the present description, a load may refer to any type of network characteristic and/or parameter such as bandwidth, latency, jitter, processing power, memory, storage, etc. Further, a load may also refer to any particular requirement for such network characteristic, parameter, and/or service associated with the network characteristic or parameter. In one embodiment, a network parameter may include bandwidth, bit-rate, latency, jitter, processing power, and/or processing time, memory, storage, etc.

Additionally, a network may include any combination of networks. For example, a network may refer to sub-network, which in turn may refer to any type of a part of a network, or a combination of networks and/or sub-networks. Still further, a network may refer to any network and/or sub-network that may overly and/or overlap one or more networks and/or subnetworks, such as a virtual network and/or a network slice, etc. In one embodiment, a network may be operated by a network operator, a virtual network operator (VNO, and/or MVNO), a business enterprise operating one or more particular communication services, a business enterprise subscribing to one or more communication networks, one or more virtual communication networks, and/or one or more communication services. It should be noted that any such entity may operate a network management and/or orchestration system to determine, effect, and/or manage one or more network configurations.

In the context of the present description, a network configuration may refer to any type of arrangement, configuration, topology, etc., of a network, interconnected computing devices (such as may be found in a cloud computing environment), network nodes, and/or servers, including a part or a slice of network such as a sub-network. Additionally, a network configuration may also include any type of arrangement, deployment, installation, and/or instantiation of any type of software processed and/or executed by any computational entity in the network. Further, a network configuration may also include a configuration of any type of communication service. In one embodiment, a communication service may include one or more network hardware elements as well as one or more software packages installed and operative in one or more hardware elements of the network.

Additionally, a first configuration change of the first communication network is determined based on the first load change of the first communication network. See operation 104.

Further, a first tag record by the first communication network is created based on the first load change of the first communication network and the first configuration change of the first communication network. See operation 106. Additionally, the first communication network may create a first tag record, based on the first load change of the first communication network and the first configuration change of the first communication network. In one embodiment, a tag record includes a database record of a tag and/or association, as well as a data item communicated to any other communication network. In one embodiment, a tag record may include an identifier of the tag record (e.g., a tag record identifier), an identification of the configuration change (e.g., a configuration change identifier), an identification of a configuration resulting from the configuration change (e.g., a configuration identifier), a date and time when the configuration change and/or resulting configuration has been determined and/or affected, a list of the load changes and/or other causes for the configuration change (which may also include weights and a list of the rules invoked by load changes and/or other causes for the configuration change as well as their respective weights), a list of parameters investigated by the rules (AI modules) analyzing the load-change, and a list of tag records (including tag record identifiers) received from other communication networks which have been considered for the configuration change as well as their respective weights.

In one embodiment, the AI-based network management and/or orchestration system may store tag records in a file repository and/or a database. In another embodiment, the AI-based network management and/or orchestration system may communicate the tag record, or, alternatively, the tag record identifier, to other communication networks. By way of a non-limiting example, the AI-based network management and/or orchestration system may communicate the tag record or its identifier to other communication networks upon affecting the respective configuration change. In still another embodiment, the AI-based network management and/or orchestration system may communicate the tag record or its identifier to other communication networks upon effecting a load change between the network and a particular neighboring network. It should be noted, therefore, that a tag record communicated between two or more communication networks may include a trail of tag records (or tag record identifiers) originated and communicated by various networks.

In addition, the first tag record is communicated from the first communication network to a second communication network. See operation 108. In one embodiment, the first communication network may receive a first tag record from another communication network, wherein the first tag record includes (e.g., by way of a tag list) a first tag record originating from the first communication network. Additionally, a second communication network may experience a load change, which may affect a reconfiguration, and which may affect the first communication network (or any other communication network), and the second communication network may create a first tag of the second network and deliver it to the affected communication network. In one embodiment, the first tag record of the second communication network may include information regarding the load change experienced by the second communication network, as well as information regarding a resulting reconfiguration of the second communication network (as detailed hereinbelow). In still another embodiment, the first tag record of the second communication network may include additional tag records of other communication networks where the other communication networks may include at least another network not directly coupled to one or both of the first communication network and the second communication network.

Furthermore, a first load change of the second communication network may be received by the first communication network (or by any other communication network). In one embodiment, the first load change of the first communication network and the first load change of the second communication network may include a change of at least one of bandwidth, latency, jitter, processing power, memory, and/or storage. In another embodiment, the first load change of the first communication network and the first load change of the second communication network may include a change of a network requirement, a network use, a network consumption, a network parameter, and/or a network service. As a non-limiting example, the first load change of the first communication network and the first load change of the second communication may occur based on a network fault or a cyber attack.

Moreover, at least one value associated with the first load change of the second communication network may be automatically modified based on the data from the first tag record of the first communication network. In one embodiment, the damping (and/or controlling) may include modifying at least one value associated with the first tag record of the first communication network to create a second tag record of the first communication network. Additionally, a second tag record of the first communication network may be based on the first tag record of the first communication network and the first tag record of the second communication network. In another embodiment, the second tag record of the first communication network may include data from the first tag record of the first communication network and data from the first tag of the second communication network. In yet another embodiment, the damping may include modifying at least one value associated with the first tag record of the first communication network based on the weighting factor. Further, in one embodiment, the modifying may include reducing or eliminating the effect of the first load change, as part of the load change returned to the first network, on a further reconfiguration of the first network.

FIG. 2A illustrates a communication network and network management system 200, in accordance with one embodiment. As an option, the network management system 200 may be implemented in the context of any one or more of the embodiments set forth in any previous and/or subsequent figure(s) and/or description thereof. Of course, however, the network management system 200 may be implemented in the context of any desired environment. Further, the aforementioned definitions may equally apply to the description below.

In one embodiment, the communication network and network management system 200 may relate to managing a communication network using artificial intelligence (AT).

As shown, the network management system 200 includes a communication network 202, one or more secondary networks 204, a network management system 212 including a run-time module 214 and a deep system module 216. In one embodiment, the one or more secondary networks 204 may be communicatively coupled to the communication network 202.

Communication network 202, and/or any of the one or more secondary networks 204 may be associated with one or more service operators 206 (such as operators of third-party services such as software as a service (SaaS)), customers (such as communication customers 208 and/or consumers using the services of communication network 202 or any of the software services of service operators 206). In one embodiment, a customer of the communication network 202 may be a service operator (such as service operators 206) or a service consumer (such as the communication customers 208). Both the service operator or the service consumer may use services of the communication network 202, as well as services provided by a service provider. Further, the communication network 202 may be connected directly to the network management system 212, and/or may be connected to one or more network entities 218.

In one embodiment, the service operators 206 and/or the communication customers 208 may have an arrangement and/or agreement with an operator of communication network 202, such as one or more service level agreements (SLAs) 210, which may define various parameters of the service(s) provided by communication network 202.

In the context of the present description, the term “communication network”, and/or simply “network”, may refer to any type of network, including analog and/or digital communication networks, wired and/or wireless communication networks, wide area network (WAN), local area network (LAN), personal area network (PAN), etc., as well as combinations thereof. For example, network may refer to a public service telephony network (PSTN), a public service data network (PSDN), a public land mobile network (PLMN), cellular network, and/or cable network, as well as any other network type and any combination thereof. Further, the term network may include communication hardware, communication software and/or both.

A network may also refer to a sub-network, any type of a part of a network, or a combination of networks, and/or sub-networks, any of which may be overlying and/or overlapping one or more networks and/or subnetworks (such as a virtual network, and/or a network slice, etc.).

In one embodiment, a network may be operated by a network operator, a virtual network operator (VNO), a mobile virtual network operator (MVNO), a business enterprise operating one or more communication services, a business enterprise subscribing to one or more communication networks, one or more virtual communication networks, and/or one or more communication services, etc.

In the context of the present description, the term “network entity” may refer to any type of communication hardware, communication software, and/or communication service including instances of any particular software and/or service. For example, network entity may refer to software executed by a network entity (such as a network node or server), an operating-system (OS), a hypervisor software, a virtual machine, a container, a virtual network function (VNF), a micro-service, etc.

Further, in the context of the present description, the term “network configuration” may refer to any type of arrangement, configuration, topology, etc., of a network, interconnected computing devices (such as cloud computing), network nodes, servers, network entities, etc. In one embodiment, the network configuration may relate to a part (or slice) of a network, or a sub-network. Additionally, network configuration may also refer to any type of arrangement, deployment, installation, instantiation, etc. of any type of software processed and/or executed by any computational entity in the network.

In one embodiment, network configuration may refer to a configuration of any part of a network, or a combination of network, including network slicing, self-organizing networks (SON), edge computing, etc. Network configuration may also include configuration of any type of “communication service”, which may include one or more network hardware elements as well as one or more software packages installed and operative in one or more hardware elements of the network.

In the context of the present description, “network service” may refer to any combination of network or communication services, facilities, or resources, as well as associated parameters such as bandwidth, latency, jitter, etc. For example, a network service may include any type of computing services, facilities, resources, as well as their parameters such as processing power, memory, storage, etc. Further, in one embodiment, network service may include a communication service, such as required network service, proposed network service, and/or communication service requirements (such as requirements specified in the SLAs 210).

FIG. 2B illustrates a network management system 201, in accordance with one embodiment. As an option, the network management system 201 may be implemented in the context of any one or more of the embodiments set forth in any previous and/or subsequent figure(s) and/or description thereof. Of course, however, the network management system 201 may be implemented in the context of any desired environment. Further, the aforementioned definitions may equally apply to the description below.

In one embodiment, communication network 202 may include one or more network entities 218 that provide communication services of the communication network 202. For example, the network entities 218 may be arranged in a particular configuration optimized to deliver the communication services (of the communication network 202) according to the one or more SLAs 210. The network management system 212 may determine, implement and manage such optimized configuration of the network entities 218. Additionally, configuration of the network entities 218 may be associated with the deep system module 216, and in particular, the run-time module 214 through use of run time rules and/or AI-models 244, while the deep system module 216 may create, adapt and modify the run-time rules and/or AI-models 244, as well as deep system rules and/or AI models 242 by which the deep system module 216 operates.

In addition, the network management system 212 may include the run-time module 214, which may include an event log, 220, a monitoring system 222, log data 224, a real-time (RT) analysis system 226, one or more suspected situations 228, a confidence analysis system 230, one or more predicted situations 232, a network optimization system 234, network configuration 236, and an orchestration system 238. In one embodiment, the network entities 218, the monitoring system 222, the RT analysis system 226, the confidence analysis system 230, the network optimization system 234, and the orchestration system 238 may function as system components. Similarly, the event log 220, the log data 224, the one or more suspected situations 228, the one or more predicted situations 232, and the network configuration 236 may function as data elements.

The one or more network entities 218 may compute and communicate to the monitoring system 222 the event log 220, typically including values for parameters relating to the performance of the communication network 202 and/or the one or more network entities 218. The monitoring system 222 may then collect the event log 220 (including data records) to create the log data 224. RT-analysis system 226 may then analyze the log data 224 to detect the one or more suspected situations 228. Confidence analysis system 230 may then collect, compare and analyze the one or more suspected situations 228 to determine one or more predicted situations 232. Based on the current predicted situation of the one or more predicted situations 232 the network optimization system 234 may create an optimal network configuration 236. Next, the orchestration system 238 implements the optimal network configuration 236 by reconfiguring the one or more network entities 218.

In one embodiment, deep system module 216 may supervise the operation of the run-time module 214. For example, the run-time module 214 may operate on the basis of run-time rules and/or AI-models 244, which in turn are created and/or managed by the deep system analysis system 240 which operates on the basis of deep-system rules and AI models 242. The deep system analysis system 240 may be a collection of systems, arranged for example in stratified levels with their respective deep-system rules and AI models 242, as explained hereinbelow.

Further, the run-time rules and AI models 244 as well as the deep-system rules and AI models 242, may be created manually, or automatically using respective AI-learning systems operating in the deep system module 216. For example, the deep system module 216 may include any A learning and/or RT-analysis system (including, for example, AI learning system 510 hereinbelow described). Further, the run time rules and AI models 244 as well as the deep system rules and A models 242, may be updated, modified and/or adapted manually, or automatically using respective AI-analysis (serving) systems operating in the deep system module 216.

In one embodiment, an entity operating a network may use the network management system 212 and/or the orchestration system to manage one or more network configurations. Additionally, in the context of the present description, the term “configuration change” and/or “reconfiguration” may refer to any type of change in network configuration. In one embodiment, the type of change may include a load-change, network fault, preventive maintenance, cyber-attack, etc. Additionally, a network optimizing system (such as network optimizing system 234) and/or orchestration system (such as orchestration system 238) may analyze load conditions, requirements, and/or changes to determine if a configuration change is necessary, and if so, determine optimal configuration settings, including generating and/or applying a configuration change.

In one embodiment, a configuration change may be analyzed, determined and affected by an AI-based network optimizing system 234 and/or orchestration system 238 using one or more artificial intelligence (AI) engines. Such an AI-engine may use AI rules (e.g., AI-Model(s)), which may be created by an AI-engine using deep learning and/or machine learning technology to analyze training data based on, or sourced from, log-data. For example, the AI-based network optimizing system 234 and/or orchestration system 238 may use A rules (AI-Models) to analyze load-changes, determine a configuration change, and/or effect an appropriate configuration change.

In the context of the present description, the term “load” may refer to any type of network characteristic, parameter, and/or service. For example, load may include bandwidth, latency, jitter, processing power, memory, storage, etc. Additionally, load may include any requirement (such as used by such network characteristic, parameter, and/or service). Additionally, the term “load-change” may refer to any change in load. For example, load-change may include a change of a load requirement, use, and/or consumption, associated with a network characteristic, parameter, and/or service. In one embodiment, load-change may cause a configuration change. As such, load-change may include other causes for a configuration change, such as a network fault, anticipated network fault (such as requiring preventive maintenance), cyber-attack and/or security breach, etc. Further, load-change may include a change in load (such as a load decrease) that may be used in turn to shut down equipment and reduce operating costs or may include an anticipated load-change which may be used to anticipate the development of a particular load-change.

Additionally, in the context of the present description, the term “log-data” may refer to any record (including a file, repository, and/or database) which may represent an event detected in the network. Such an event may be detected by one or more network nodes or servers, by software executed by such network nodes or servers, by a network management system or software (including, but not limited to, a network orchestration system or software), and/or by a network-monitoring system. Additionally, the log-data may include identification of an event (such as a network event), associated data characterizing the particular event, and/or identification of the current network configuration or topology. As such, log-data may include event-log data as well. In one embodiment, log-data may include a link to a file, repository, and/or database, or may be included within an application programming interface (API) for such file, repository, and/or database. If log-data is communicated, it may be communicated in a computer readable format such as XML.

Further, log-data may be used to train and/or test an AI-engine (including an AI-based network design and/or management system).

In the context of the present description, the term “characterization” may refer to defining any type(s) of network or communication services, facilities, resources, etc. For example, characterization may include defining a network service that is required, including associated computing services, facilities, resources, etc. In one embodiment, characterization may include the term “characteristic”.

Moreover, in the context of the present description, the term “current network configuration” and/or “current network topology” may refer to a network configuration and/or topology in use at the time of logging an event and/or at the time of executing a rule. Additionally, the term “configuration representation” may refer to a mechanism that can represent a network configuration. For example, configuration representation may include software (e.g., VNF) deployment, service definitions, respective allocation of network and processing resources (e.g., bandwidth, latency, jitter, etc., processing power, memory, storage, etc.). A configuration representation may enable re-creation of a particular network configuration and/or topology, may enable simulation or emulation of the operation of a particular network configuration and/or topology, and/or may enable identification of a re-occurrence of a particular network configuration and/or topology.

Further, in the context of the present description, the term “network situation” may refer to a condition of the communication network (such as communication network 202) that may require a configuration change, or network reconfiguration. The network situation may be an unwanted situation (such as a failure), or a wanted situation (such as an opportunity to reduce cost, for example, by turning off a network entity). The network situation may be determined for the communication network (or any part of the communication network), for a service (or any part of the service), and/or for a network entity (such as one or more network entities 218), etc.

For example, the network situation may be determined for a particular SLA (such as one of the one or more SLAs 210). A network situation associated with an SLA may represent a situation where the network (or an associated service) does not perform according to the SLA. As such, the characteristics of the network situation may be any collection of parameters representing a fault or an opportunity (e.g., to reduce cost), etc. Such cause for the network situation may be associated with a load, or a load change.

Additionally, the network situation may be associated with a network fault (such as a hardware fault and/or a software fault), anticipated network fault (such as requiring preventive maintenance), cyber-attack, and/or security breach, etc.

In one embodiment, the network management system (such as network management system 212) may be used to detect a developing network situation before it adversely affects the network behavior, or to exploit an opportunity to save cost.

In this respect, in the context of the present description, the term “death expectancy” may refer to a period of time remaining for a particular predicted network situation until it adversely affects a particular service and/or SLA.

In one embodiment, the term or “minimal reconfiguration time”, may refer to the minimal period required to reconfigure the network to avoid a respective failure, or to exploit a respective opportunity. For example, to resolve a predicted situation before it adversely affects the particular service and/or SLA. Therefore, the minimal reconfiguration time should be smaller than the death expectancy.

In one embodiment, resolving a particular predicted situation may be delayed until the death expectancy approaches the respective minimal reconfiguration time. Additionally, death expectancy may also refer to a period of time remaining to exploit a particular predicted situation.

Further, the term “life expectancy” may refer to a period of time where the particular network configuration may remain useful before the utility diminishes (and it may then be in need of being replaced with a different network configuration).

FIG. 2C illustrates a network management system 203, in accordance with one embodiment. As an option, the network management system 203 may be implemented in the context of any one or more of the embodiments set forth in any previous and/or subsequent figure(s) and/or description thereof. Of course, however, the network management system 203 may be implemented in the context of any desired environment. Further, the aforementioned definitions may equally apply to the description below.

As shown, the network management system 203 includes the network management system 212 which includes run-time module 214 and run-time rules and/or AI-models 244 of deep system module 216.

Run-time rules and/or AI-models 244 may be in communication with various components of the run time module 214, such as: monitoring rules 248 (in communication with monitoring system 222), real time (RT)-analysis rules 252 (in communication with RT analysis system 226) which may be used to analyze the log data 224 and/or to detect the one or more suspected situations 228, confidence analysis rules 256 (in communication with confidence analysis system 230) to analyze the one or more suspected situations 228 and determine the one or more predicted situations 232, configuration rules 260 (in communication with the network optimization system 234 and/or the reconfiguration decision points 264) to analyze the one or more predicted situations 232 and create network configurations 236, reconfiguration decision points 264 (in communication with configuration rules 260 and network optimizing system 234), and orchestration rules 266 (in communication with orchestration system 238) to implement the network configuration 236.

The run-time module 214 may also receive data including from SLAs 210. Of course, any of the monitoring rules 248, RT-analysis rules 252, confidence analysis rules 256, configuration rules 260, reconfiguration decision points 264, and/or orchestration rules 266 may be in communication with any specific element of run-time module 214.

Configuration rules 260 may be used by the Network Configuration 236 to create an optimal network configuration according to a network infrastructure, a current state of the network, available predictions of near-future network behavior, SLAs (or similar requirement definitions), cost considerations, available resources, etc. In one embodiment, cost considerations may include the cost of installing, updating and/or synchronizing a new network entity and/or a new virtual network function, moving data from one new network entity (and/or virtual network function) to another network entity (and/or virtual network function), and/or the cost of specific resource in a specific location, etc.

Reconfiguration decision points 264 may include network situation(s) where a new network configuration may be computed and determined. For example, a reconfiguration decision point may be determined according to a predicted situation, or a combination of predicted situations. Additionally, the network optimizing system may determine a point in time when a new network configuration may be required by applying rules associated with the reconfiguration decision points 264 (which may relate to the predicted situations 232). Additionally, a predicted situation data may contain sufficient information (such that an action can be implemented via the network optimizing system 234) about a near future predicted behavior of particular network entities. Further, the network optimizing system 234 may receive current values and corresponding near-future predictions of value changes for any and all parameters of all the network entities 218.

In the context of the present description, a reconfiguration decision point includes a situation where a new network configuration may be computed and determined. In one embodiment, a reconfiguration point may be determined according to a predicted situation, or a combination of predicted situations.

It is appreciated that each collection of rules such as monitoring rules 248, RT-analysis rules 252, confidence analysis rules 256, configuration rules 260, reconfiguration decision points 264, and orchestration rules 266, may be implemented in the form of a file, a repository, or a database. Additionally, such implementation may include a same entity (e.g., file, repository, etc.) for all rules, or may include a different entity (e.g., file, repository, etc.) for each collection of rules.

Additionally, each collection of rules may apply to one or more systems. For example, monitoring rules 248 may apply to network entities 218, monitoring system 222, and/or orchestration system 238. Monitoring rules 248 may direct each of the network entities 218 how and when to report an event log 220, including specifying parameters and/or values to report, etc. Further, monitoring rules 248 may direct monitoring system 222 how to arrange the log data 224.

Further, each collection of rules may be managed by one or more systems. For example, monitoring rules 248 may be created and/or modified by one or more administrators as well as by monitoring system 222, orchestration system 238, and/or confidence analysis system 230. Therefore each collection of rules may be managed by a rules manager, which may receive inputs via a respective hook and determine the respective rule change. In particular, monitoring rules 248 may receive input from rules manager 246, RT-analysis rules 252 may receive input from rules manager 250, confidence analysis rules 256 may receive input from rules manager 254, configuration rules 260 may receive input from rules manager 258, reconfiguration decision points 264 may receive input from rules manager 262, and/or orchestration rules 266 may receive input from rules manager 268.

In one embodiment, each collection of rules may be formed to enable simple addition, removal, selection, and/or deselection (pruning) of rules. Additionally, a system providing an input to any collection of rules (such as monitoring rules 248, RT-analysis rules 252, confidence analysis rules 256, configuration rules 260, reconfiguration decision points 264, and/or orchestration rules 266) may create a new rule, remove a rule, select/deselect (prune) a rule, and/or modify parameters of a rule.

A rules manager (such as any, some, or all of rules manager 246, 250, 254, 258, 262, and/or 268) may eliminate and/or reduce repetitive, too frequent, and/or possibly conflicting rule changes by implementing hysteresis and/or a dead-time period, a majority vote, weights and priorities, etc. For example, a system creating a rule may have priority and/or preference over any other system with respect to a particular rule. Additionally, the system may be particular to the rule managers 246, 250, 254, 258, 262 and/or 268 to prevent an over-ruling event where a first system runs-over a second (or another) system.

In the context of the present description, the term “parametrization” may refer to defining one or more values, or range(s) of values, for any characteristic of the required network or communication service, facility, resource, etc. In one embodiment, parametrization may include alternative acceptable values, or value ranges, with alternative respective priorities. The term “prioritization” may refer to defining priorities for, or between, the various required network or communication services, facilities, resources, etc., as well as their respective parameters.

Additionally, in the context of the present description, the term “weighting” may refer to defining and/or associating evaluation weights to characteristics and/or parameters for computing at least one value. In one embodiment, weighting may include a weighting factor. Additionally, the at least one value may be used for evaluating a particular proposed network service with a minimum requirement, and/or comparing between alternative proposals.

Monitoring rules 248 may instruct the one or more network entities 218 which parameters (such as parameters of the event log 220) to measure, when to measure each parameter, how to measure the parameter, and how to report any measurement. Additionally, one or more network entities may derive the rules directly from a database associated with the monitoring rules 248, or receive the rules from the monitoring system 222 periodically, or per a preconfigured schedule. In another embodiment, the monitoring rules 248 may instruct the monitoring system 222 how to measure inter-network entity parameters, including parameters involving, correlating, or synchronized between, more than one network entity of the one or more network entities 218. Further, the monitoring rules 248 may instruct the monitoring system 222 how to create, format, arrange, and/or maintain a log-data file (such as log data 224) or a database associated with the log data 224. In this manner, the monitoring rules 248 may be conditional upon network situations, and transform according to such network situations (including a progression of the network situations).

The monitoring rules 248 may additionally guide the orchestration system 238 where to instantiate a monitoring probe. After the monitoring probe is instantiated, the monitoring system 222 may instruct such probe (or a monitoring function, or any other reporting network entity) which parameter (or parameters) to measure and report, a frequency of reporting, and a timing to report, such as when a measured value crosses a particular (or preconfigured) threshold, or characteristics of a particular service follow a particular temporal pattern (such as set time intervals, etc.).

FIG. 3 illustrates an event-log timeline 300, in accordance with one embodiment. As an option, the event-log timeline 300 may be implemented in the context of any one or more of the embodiments set forth in any previous and/or subsequent figure(s) and/or description thereof. Of course, however, the event-log timeline 300 may be implemented in the context of any desired environment. Further, the aforementioned definitions may equally apply to the description below.

As shown, event-log timeline 300 includes event-log records 302, including log-pattern/classifier 304, and a label for a particular network situation 308.

The log-pattern/classifiers 304 precedes the particular network situation 308 by a time period 306. The time period 306 may be a minimal reconfiguration time. In one embodiment, the time period 306 may be larger or equal to the minimal reconfiguration time. Additionally, the particular pattern of the log-pattern/classifiers 304 may be construed as a classifier for the particular network situation indicated by a label for the particular network situation 308.

FIG. 4A illustrates a method 400 for processing log data, in accordance with one embodiment. As an option, the method 400 may be implemented in the context of any one or more of the embodiments set forth in any previous and/or subsequent figure(s) and/or description thereof. Of course, however, the method 400 may be implemented in the context of any desired environment. Further, the aforementioned definitions may equally apply to the description below.

Method 400 shows part of log data (such as the log data 224) processed for creating an AI-model. In one embodiment, the method 400 illustrates a flow chart of a process for creating an AI-model for the RT analysis system 226. As shown, a network situation is determined. See operation 402. In one embodiment, determining the network situation may include also determining particular characteristics of the network situation. For example, a network situation may be an unwanted situation (such as a failure), or a wanted situation (such as an opportunity to reduce cost, for example, by turning off a network entity). A network situation may be determined for a network (or any part of a network), for a service (or any part of a service), for a network entity (such as network entities 218), etc. For example, a network situation associated with an SLA may represent a situation where the network (or an associated service) does not perform according to the SLA. As such, the characteristics of the network situation may be any collection of parameters representing a fault or an opportunity (e.g., to reduce cost), etc. Such cause for the network situation may be associated with a load, or a load change.

At operation 404, monitoring rules may be created and/or distributed. Such monitoring rules may be used to instruct a relevant network entity (of the network entities 218) to measure and report one or more parameters that may be relevant to a network situation(s). Additionally, the monitoring rules may instruct the network entity when to measure each parameter, and how to report any measurement. In one embodiment, a rate of measuring a parameter may be different (such as being more frequent) than a rate of reporting. Further, the reporting may be conditioned by a value measured (or calculated), such as an average value, rate of change of value, etc. Moreover, the monitoring rule may include instructions to locally store unreported measurement(s) for a predetermined span of measurements and/or time.

In another embodiment, a monitoring rule may instruct one or more network entities 218 and/or the monitoring system 222 to report values of parameters and/or characteristics for a particular service in a particular temporal pattern. For example, the event log 220 the or log data 224, may report a timely value of a parameter, or the time in which the value of a parameter crossed a predetermined threshold value, etc.

At operation 406, event-log records are collected, including, log data which may be relevant to the network situation as determined by the characteristics of the network situation.

Additionally, a network situation in the log data is detected in the log data. See operation 408. In one embodiment, the network situation may be detected based on characteristics of the network situation. At operation 410, the network situation in the log data is labeled. Further information relating to the log data and/or the event-log data may be found in FIG. 4.

At operation 412, the log data (such as log data 224) is scanned to detect a network situation classifier. In one embodiment, the log data may include training files used to determine a particular pattern of particular event-log records. Additionally, one or more training files may be created based on such log data. In one embodiment, the network situation classifier may include a particular sequence of parameter value(s) carried by log-data (such as log data 224). Additionally, it may precede and/or predict, a network situation. Further, the particular sequence of parameter value(s) may be specific to a configuration of network entities (such as network entities 218) and services, as well as to the set of monitoring rules (such as monitoring rules 248) executed at that period.

At operation 414, an AI model is created to detect the networks situation classifier. For example, in one embodiment, one or more RT-analysis rules 252 (e.g., a rule-base) may be created for detecting the particular networks situation classifier. In the context of the present description, this rule-base, when created by an AI learning system (such as the RT analysis system 226), may be considered an “AI-model”. It is to be appreciated that this network situation classifier and the respective AI-model (i.e., rule-base) may be particular to the network configuration for which the log data (such as log data 224) is collected. In one embodiment, the one or more RT-analysis rules 252 may be implemented as AI models created by an AI learning system (such as RT-analysis rules 252 that may be used by the RT analysis system 226 to detect a classifier in the log data 224).

Additionally, in the context of the present description, the term “particular rule-base” may refer to a rule-base derived from a data-set associated with a particular network configuration and/or topology, or a particular spectrum of network configurations and/or topologies. Further, a particular rule-base, especially in the context of an AI-learning system, may be equivalent to the term “AI-Model”. AI-Model may therefore include any collection of rules generated by an AI-learning system, including a deep-learning system and/or a similar entity. The AI-Model may include data relating to a neural-network.

Further, the AI model may be tested to evaluate a confidence level. See operation 416. For example, the AI model may be tested using testing files, including testing files created from log data (such as the log data 224). The AI-model may be tested for a particular network situation classifier. Additionally, a measure of the confidence level may be calculated relating to the detection of a particular network situation classifier (such as an event-log pattern) by the particular AI-model. It is to be appreciated that this networks situation classifier and the respective AI-model may be particular to a specific network configuration for which the log data is collected.

In the context of the present description, the term “confidence level” may refer to any measure of confidence of detecting a classifier, and/or an event-log pattern, that may be associated with a particular suspected situation and/or predicted situation. For example, the confidence level may be measured/calculated according to a percentage of false-positive and/or false-negative detection of the particular classifier, and/or an event-log pattern. The measure of confidence level may represent a probability that, based on a particular suspected situation and/or predicted situation being detected, the particular suspected situation and/or predicted situation will develop. Further, confidence level may be represented simply by “confidence” particularly when associated with a confidence analysis such as a confidence analysis system and/or confidence analysis rules.

At operation 418, a confidence may be assigned to the AI model. For example, the AI-model may be outputted with a specific confidence level to a database associated with the RT-analysis rules 252. In one embodiment, the database may include RT-Analysis Rules 252 and thus may be accessed by the RT analysis system 226. Further, the database may be linked to the RT analysis system 226 and may contain the RT-Analysis Rules 252. After assigning a confidence to the AI model, method 400 may be repeated (starting back at operation 402) for any number of network situations, and/or to amend the confidence of the AI model based on an updated network situation.

In one embodiment, the RT-analysis rules 252 for a particular predicted situation may include a rules-base (such as an AI model) for detecting a sequence of event-log data (such as log data 224) preceding the predicted situation, and/or for reporting current values and corresponding near-future predictions of parameter value(s) changes in relation to any and/or all of the network entities 218 involved.

FIG. 4B illustrates a method 401 of a run time process using an AI-model, in accordance with one embodiment. As an option, the method 401 may be implemented in the context of any one or more of the embodiments set forth in any previous and/or subsequent figure(s) and/or description thereof. Of course, however, the method 401 may be implemented in the context of any desired environment. Further, the aforementioned definitions may equally apply to the description below.

In one embodiment, the method 401 may show a run-time process which may be used by the run-time module 214. In one embodiment, the run-time module 214 may use the method 401 using an AI-model as may be created by the method 400. Additionally, in another embodiment, the method 401 may be executed continuously as a main loop (without a start or end point). Further, the steps of the method 401 may be executed in parallel, or simultaneously, by various systems (such as but not limited to the monitoring system 222, the RT analysis system 226, the confidence analysis system 230, the network optimizing system 234, the orchestration system 238) of the network management system 212.

As shown at operation 420, the monitoring system 222 may create and/or select and distribute the monitoring rules 248 to the network entities 218. In one embodiment, the monitoring rules 248 may be distributed based on a current network configuration. The monitoring system 222 may receive the current network configuration from the orchestration system 238. Further, the monitoring system 222 may continue to create and/or select and distribute the monitoring rules 248 to the network entities 218 as needed.

At operation 422, the network entities 218, using the monitoring rules 248, may generate and send the event log 220 to the monitoring system 222. The network entities 218 may generate and send the event log 220 continuously as needed.

At operation 424, the monitoring system 222 may collect the event log 220 from the network entities 218 and may create the log data 224 (which may be run-time log data). The monitoring system 222 may continue to create the log data 224 continuously.

At operation 426, the RT-Analysis system 226 may use the AI-Models of the RT-Analysis Rules 252 to analyze the log data 224 in real-time to detect the log-pattern/classifiers 304 and generate the respective data for the suspected one or more suspected situations 228. Operation 426 may also be executed continuously, as RT-Analysis system 226 may receive from the monitoring system 222 new log-data 224, detect more log-pattern/classifiers 304, and generate more data for the one or more suspected situations 228. Each of the one or more suspected situations 228 may be associated with a respective confidence level, which may indicate a probability of occurrence of the respective network situation within a particular time period (such as the time period 306).

Additionally, at operation 428, the confidence analysis system 230 may analyze the suspected situations 228 and their respective confidence levels to determine and adapt the RT appropriate analysis strategy. For example, the confidence analysis system 230 may request the monitoring system 222 to create and/or select and distribute the monitoring rules 248 to the network entities 218 to increase the probability of detecting a log-pattern/classifiers 304, and/or to increase the confidence level of a respective suspected situation 228. In one embodiment, the confidence analysis system 230 may generate respective data of the predicted situations 232, such as where a respective confidence level reaches a predetermined threshold. The confidence analysis system 230 may process operation 428 continuously and/or repeatedly as the suspected situation 228 may be further received from the RT-Analysis system 226.

At operation 430, the network optimization system 234 may analyze the predicted situations 232 to determine a new network configuration 236. The network optimization system 234 may process the RT-Analysis system 226 continuously and/or repeatedly as the predicted situations 232 may be further received from the confidence analysis system 230.

Further, at operation 432, the orchestration system 238 may receive from the network optimization system 234 a new network configuration 236 and implement it (at operation 434) by modifying, migrating, installing and/or removing the network entities 218. The orchestration system 238 may process operation 432 continuously and/or repeatedly as the network configuration 236 is further received from the network optimization system 234. As a new network configuration is implemented, the monitoring system 222 may create and/or select and distribute the monitoring rules 248 to the respective network entities 218, and the RT analysis system 226 may select and/or use the respective AI-models included in the RT-Analysis Rules 252.

Additionally, the network optimizing system 234 may determine the network configuration 236 that the orchestration system 238 may then implement to avoid or exploit one or more of the predicted situations 232. Implementing a new network configuration 236 may result in a configuration change or a network reconfiguration. The network optimizing system 234 may determine which of the pending predicted situations 232 should be treated (e.g., avoided or exploited) in the subsequent configuration change.

In one embodiment, the network optimizing system 234 may determine a new network configuration 236 while the orchestration system 238 may still be implementing another (e.g., previously instructed) configuration change (of a previously implement network configuration 236). For example, the network optimizing system 234 may instruct parallel configuration changes affecting different parts of the communication network 202 and/or different network entities 218, and/or different services.

As such, the network optimizing system 234 may consider several parameters that may affect a decision associated with a reconfiguration of the network. Such parameters may include cost, priority, severity, confidence level, death expectancy of the pending predicted situation, life expectancy of a new configuration, collision with another reconfiguration currently processed by the orchestration system 238, etc. In the context of the present description, the term “minimal reconfiguration time” may refer to a minimal time required by an orchestration system (such as orchestration system 238) to migrate one or more network entities (such as network entities 218). In one embodiment, minimal reconfiguration time may be associated with a particular service and/or SLA, and, more particularly but not exclusively, with a particular network situation associated with the service and/or SLA.

In one embodiment, a configuration change (such as implemented via the network optimizing system 234 or the orchestration system 238) may be tagged, identified, and/or associated with one or more particular causes and effects and/or result (such as a particular load-change, requirement, fault, cyber-attack, etc.). For example, the network optimizing system 234 and/or orchestration system 238 may tag and/or associate a configuration change with one or more of the causes for a particular configuration change. Additionally, each tag or association may be assigned a weighting factor representing the effect of a particular cause on determining the particular configuration change.

Further, configuration settings may be stored as a data record or a data field in a file or a database (such as a database associated with network optimizing system 234). The data field or data record may include a start and stop time of the respective configuration, and the format of the data field or data record may enable a software package to identify the differences between two (or more) configurations represented by their respective data field or data record.

In the context of the present description, the term “difference measure” may refer to a value representing a difference between two (or more) configurations. Additionally, the term “dislocation” may refer to an entity located in a configuration which differs from the location noted in a reference configuration. A dislocation may refer to a missing entity, an added entity, and/or an entity located in a different place. Such entity may be any hardware component and/or a software component, such as a VNF instance, and/or a service, such as a micro-service.

In various embodiments, training and/or testing data may be derived from the same data-set (including log-data). Additionally, the training data may be used to train the AI-engine to produce a rule-base, and the testing data may be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the developed rule-base.

The network optimization system 234 may determine the network configuration 236 which the orchestration system 238 may then implement to avoid or exploit one or more predicted situations. In one particular situation, implementing a new network configuration may result in a configuration change or a network reconfiguration. As such, the network optimization system 234 may determine which of the pending predicted situations should be treated (e.g., avoided or exploited) during the next configuration change.

Additionally, the network optimization system 234 may determine a new network configuration while orchestration system 238 may still be implementing another (e.g., previously instructed) network configuration 236. For example, network optimization system 234 may instruct parallel configuration changes affecting different parts of communication network 202, network entities 218, and/or different services.

In one embodiment, the network optimization system 234 may consider a variety of parameters which may affect a reconfiguration decision, including but not limited to, cost, priority, severity, confidence level, death expectancy of the pending predicted situation, life expectancy of the new configuration, collision with another reconfiguration currently processed by the orchestration system 238, etc. These parameters may also be considered in the context of processing the reconfiguration decision points 264 by the network optimizing system 234.

Additionally, it is to be appreciated that a configuration or reconfiguration change may directly affect cost. For example, a configuration change may involve migration of a software entity from one hardware entity to another. Such a migration may be executed in the form of “make before break”, so as not to disrupt or adversely affect any service. This operation may mean that software entity B is installed, operated and updated in hardware entity B before software entity A is removed from hardware entity A. Therefore, software entity A and software entity B may be operative in parallel, and may each be implemented on a specific hardware entity, thereby increasing cost, including hardware, electricity, maintenance (including dissipating heat from hardware) costs, as well as third party costs including processing, storage, communication, licensing, etc. Furthermore, any additional costs (including extra hardware entities, etc.) may obviously affect the ability to generate income using the particular hardware entity.

Additionally, a configuration or reconfiguration change may be subject to priorities (such as due to limited resources). For example, migrating a first software entity from hardware entity A to hardware entity B may adversely affect the ability to migrate a second software entity to hardware entity A or to hardware entity B, as well as to any other hardware entity depending on a communication facility and/or hardware entity involved in the migration of the first software entity.

In one embodiment, the network optimization system 234 may use at least two sets of rules including configuration rules (which may determine how to resolve one or more predicted situations by an optimal reconfiguration) and reconfiguration decision points 264 (which may additionally determine when to resolve pending predicted situations).

In one embodiment, based on the processing of the reconfiguration decision points 264, the network optimization system 234 may determine which of the pending predicted situations to process for the next network configuration and when to process such pending predicted situations. For example, the network optimization system 234 may determine based on a reconfiguration condition point (of the reconfiguration decision points 264), whether to effect a reconfiguration immediately, or to delay a reconfiguration based on, for example, a combination of long death expectancy and low confidence level. In one embodiment, a reconfiguration may be delayed until a confidence level increases.

Additionally, the deep system module 216 may include processes (e.g., modules, systems) that may create and modify run-time rules. In one embodiment, the deep system module 216 may be construed as a -reverse analysis channel as it may use the output of the run-time module 214 to manage run-time rules. In other words, the deep system module 216 analyzes the behavior of the run-time module 214 so as to improve it by optimizing the rules controlling the behavior of the run-time module 214, such as adaptive pattern recovery and/or behavioral patterns.

FIG. 5 illustrates a network management system 500, in accordance with one embodiment. As an option, the network management system 500 may be implemented in the context of any one or more of the embodiments set forth in any previous and/or subsequent figure(s) and/or description thereof. Of course, however, the network management system 500 may be implemented in the context of any desired environment. Further, the aforementioned definitions may equally apply to the description below.

As shown, an AI learning system 510 which may produce the RT-analysis rules 252 (or the AI-models, or predictors). The AI learning system 510 may analyze training data and/or testing data that is created from the log data 224 to produce RT-analysis rules 252. Additionally, the AI learning system 510 may receive as input the log data 224.

Additionally, the training and testing data preparation system 502 may include a monitoring design module 504 and a labeling system 506. Labeling system 506 may convert log-data (such as the log data 224) into training-data and testing-data for the AI learning system 510. The labeling system 506 may label training-data and testing-data. In one embodiment, the labeling system 506 may determine where to properly mark network situations in the training-data and/or testing-data. In one embodiment, the labeling system 506 may receive as input the log-data 224 from the monitoring system 222. In one embodiment, the log-data inputted to the labeling system 506 may be separate from the log data 224. For example, in one embodiment, the monitoring system 222 may provide separate log-data to the labeling system 506. The output of the labeling system 506 includes training data and testing data (based on log-data with labels of network situations). The output of the monitoring design module 504 includes monitoring rules adapted to particular network situations.

In one embodiment, the monitoring design module 504 may create and distribute monitoring rules to one or more relevant network entities such that that network situations and their respective classifiers can be detected. Additionally, a network situation may depend on a network configuration and/or the monitoring rules (such as the monitoring rules 248) which may depend on the network situations and/the network configuration.

Additionally, the monitoring design module 504 may optimize monitoring rules to improve the log-data collected and provided to the training and testing data preparation system 502 such that predicted situations can be predicted more accurately and/or earlier, and to enable detection of more or new predicted situations. The output of the training and testing data preparation system 502 may be provided as training data 508, which in turn, may be sent to the A learning system 510.

As shown, the configuration design system 518 may optimize configuration rules (such as configuration rules 260 and/or reconfiguration decision points 264) to improve the results of the network configuration system. To that end, the configuration design system 518 may receive inputs from the run-time module, including the network configuration 236 and/or one or more predicted situations 232, as well other network parameters, including SLAs 210. Additionally, the configuration design system 518 may measure the quality of the computed network configuration, including a cost of a reconfiguration, time required to reconfigure the network, a length of time the configuration has lasted, etc. In one embodiment, the configuration design system 518 may include goals for the network reconfiguration.

Additionally, an AI model selection & pruning 516 system may receive the network configuration 236 and based on such, may select and prune network configurations, resulting in RT-analysis rules 252. Further, testing analysis system 514, may receive an output from the RT analysis system, and may provide such data as input to the training and testing data preparation system 502.

FIG. 6 illustrates a network management system 600, in accordance with one embodiment. As an option, the network management system 600 may be implemented in the context of any one or more of the embodiments set forth in any previous and/or subsequent figure(s) and/or description thereof. Of course, however, the network management system 600 may be implemented in the context of any desired environment. Further, the aforementioned definitions may equally apply to the description below.

As shown, the network management system 600 builds upon the network management system 500. In one embodiment, the network management system 600 may be used to simulate network behavior when there is no sufficient amount of log-data (which may result from network dynamics, including new network configurations). In such a situation, log-data may be simulated or synthesized. In particular, simulating log-data may include analyze the network behavior to produce primitives that may then be used as components from which training data is composed/synthesized/simulated.

A higher level of the deep system module 216 of the network management system 212 may include processes (e.g., modules, systems) that simulate a network behavior when there is not enough log-data (such as the log data 224). Insufficient log data may result from network dynamics. As demand changes and shifts more rapidly and more frequently, particular network configurations may not produce sufficient log-data. Additionally, network configurations may be new (thereby having no history of log-data). As such, there may be a need to simulate (or synthesize) log-data. The simulation level (corresponding with the simulation module 602) may include a collection of mechanisms that analyze the network behavior to produce “primitives”. The primitives in turn may be used as a simulation of training-data and testing-data for a new configuration.

In one embodiment, the simulation module 602 may include a behavior analysis system 604, which may produce several primitives, including behavioral patterns 606 and network conditions 608. In one embodiment, the behavioral patterns may include sequences of event-log data (such as log data 224) produced by a network entity (of the network entities 218), or a particular virtual network function (or a similar entity), that are characteristic of a particular arrangement such as a timing to serve a particular service to a particular customer.

At simulation system 610, log-data may be simulated or synthesized for a particular configuration, including arranging, interlinking, and interleaving, behavioral patterns. As such, the behavioral patterns 606 should be properly detected, defined, and characterized, such that they can be properly selected and combined in the process of simulating, or synthesizing, log-data as shown in simulated log data 612.

Additionally, network conditions 608 include situations that may be predicted by the RT analysis system 226. Additionally, the network conditions 608 may serve as labels for labeling (via the labeling system 506 of the training & testing data preparation system 502) the training data 508 (or testing data) for the A learning System 510. As such, the network conditions 608 should be properly detected, defined, and characterized, such that they can be automatically detected and properly labeled in old and new simulated (synthesized) log-data, as shown in simulated log data 612. For example, a network condition (of the network conditions 608) may be characterized by one or more network parameter(s), and/or by a condition of one or more of particular type(s), including a network fault, a service fault, an SLA fault, a cyber-attack, a security breach, a cost-reduction opportunity, etc.

FIG. 7 illustrates a system 700, in accordance with one embodiment. As an option, the system 700 may be implemented in the context of any one or more of the embodiments set forth in any previous and/or subsequent figure(s) and/or description thereof. Of course, however, the system 700 may be implemented in the context of any desired environment. Further, the aforementioned definitions may equally apply to the description below.

As shown, a security module 702 and a coordination module 704 may relate to an exogenic level 701. The exogenic level 701 may be separate from the network management system 212, the run-time module 214, and/or the deep system module 216. In one embodiment, the exogenic level 701 may include any aspect foreign to the network management system 212, including but not be limited to interaction with the outside world, other networks, other network management systems, cyber-attacks, and/or any other phenomena that is not intended as internal to the network management system 212.

The system 700 may relate to systems and functions that interact with the environment of the communication network 202. For example, coordination module 704 may include inter-network coordination 718 and service marketplace 720. In one embodiment, inter-network coordination may include coordinating load and configuration matters with neighboring networks, automatically negotiating with other networks and customers, mitigating cyber attacks, etc. Additionally, the inter-network coordination 718 and the service marketplace 720 may communicate with one or more external entities 722. For example, the external entities may include other networks, and/or network systems of customers.

The coordination module 704 therefore may involve computation(s) that depend on the current configuration of the network. In this manner, the coordination module 704 may relate to rules that apply to the current configurations, including current monitoring rules 248, current RT-analysis rules 252, current confidence analysis rules 256, current configuration rules 260, orchestration rules 266, current behavioral patterns 606, etc.

Any such rules of any layer/module/component of the network management system 212 may be exchanged with any external party (such as another network operator, a service provider, and/or a consumer), and/or transmitted to or received from any external party. Additionally, when negotiating network information with a third party (or third parties) any rule may be encrypted and embedded in the negotiation information. In one embodiment, the negotiation information may include the configuration and associated rules that apply to the network condition.

As shown, security module 702 may include a cyber security system 706 which may receive input from critical parameter 710, authenticate system 712, and one or more predicted situations 232. The security module 702 additionally includes an event-log source entities 714 which may be in communication with the monitoring rules 716. In one embodiment, the monitoring rules 716 may include monitoring rules 248. Further, the security module 702 may include a breach report 708 that receives an output from the cyber security system 706. The cyber security system may additionally provide output to the simulation system 610.

In various embodiments, although not shown in FIG. 7, the system 700 may also interact with various components of the network management system 500 and/or the network management system 600. For example, the inter-network coordination may interface with the behavior analysis system 604 and/or the configuration design system 518. In like manner, the service marketplace 720 may interface with the behavior analysis system 604 and/or the configuration design system 518.

Additionally, although the systems which control the network optimizing system 234 are not shown in FIG. 7, it is to be understood that such control systems/aspects are specifically shown in FIG. 5 and/or FIG. 6. Additionally, the training data 508 in FIG. 7 is not shown with an output, as the testing data 512 system is specifically not shown (but which is detailed in relation to FIG. 5 and/or FIG. 6). It is to be appreciated that any omissions of flow of instructions and/or data in FIG. 7 may be supplemented through FIG. 5 and/or FIG. 6. To simplify FIG. 7, aspects of FIG. 5 and/or FIG. 6 were omitted in FIG. 7 to more clearly show the system 700.

Further, data exchanged between systems and/or processes (such as exemplified in FIG. 7 and other figure) may be communicated indirectly, such as by memory, storage, data sharing facility, and/or a database system. A database system may be included within any of the modules, such as any component of the network management system 212. Further, the database system may include network configuration records, network situations associated with their respective network configurations, network situations associated with their respect minimum configuration time values, monitoring rules associated with network situations to which each monitoring rule is applicable, AI-models associated with their respective network situations, confidence levels and/or time periods associated with their respective AI-models and/or network situations, etc.

FIG. 8 illustrates a block diagram 800, in accordance with one embodiment. As an option, the block diagram 800 may be implemented in the context of any one or more of the embodiments set forth in any previous and/or subsequent figure(s) and/or description thereof. Of course, however, the block diagram 800 may be implemented in the context of any desired environment. Further, the aforementioned definitions may equally apply to the description below.

As shown, block diagram 800 includes a computational device 802 which may be used for a network entity (such as network entities 218) and/or any computing element such as the network management system 212, the deep system module 216, etc., according to one exemplary embodiment. Additionally, the computational device 802 may include at least one processor unit 806, one or more memory units 808 (e.g., random access memory (RAM), a non-volatile memory such as a Flash memory, etc.), one or more storage units 810 (e.g. including a hard disk drive and/or a removable storage drive, representing a floppy disk drive, a magnetic tape drive, a compact disk drive, a flash memory device, etc.), one or more communication units 812, and/or one or more peripheral units 814 (or peripheral control units). The communication unit 812 may use any type of communication technology. Additionally, the computational device 802 may also include one or more communication buses 804 connecting any of the units of the computational device 802.

Further, the computational device 802 may also include one or more power supply units 816 providing power to any of the units of the computational device 802.

The computational device 802 may also include one or more computer programs 818, or computer control logic algorithms, which may be stored in any of the memory units 808 and/or storage units 810. Such computer programs, when executed, may enable the computational device 802 to perform various functions. Additionally, the memory units 808 and/or storage units 810 and/or any other storage may be a tangible computer-readable media.

FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram 900 of a software programs, in accordance with one embodiment. As an option, the block diagram 900 may be implemented in the context of any one or more of the embodiments set forth in any previous and/or subsequent figure(s) and/or description thereof. Of course, however, the block diagram 900 may be implemented in the context of any desired environment. Further, the aforementioned definitions may equally apply to the description below.

In one embodiment, the block diagram 900 may be used by the computational device 802 such as part of the one or more computer programs 818 according to one exemplary embodiment. Additionally, computer programs 818 may operate over hardware 904, which may include hardware components as shown and described with reference to FIG. 8.

The computer programs 902 may include a first level of one or more firmware 912 software programs. The one or more firmware 912 may provide control of one or more hardware components (such as the storage unit 810, communication unit 812, and/or a peripheral unit 814). The computational device 802 may also include a second level of a base operating system 910. The base operating system 910 may provide control of memory units 808 and the hardware 904, typically via firmware 912, as well as communication and coordination between other components.

Additionally, the computer programs 902 may also include a third level 908 of a one or more virtual machines and/or containers. Each virtual machine may include one or more subordinate operating systems, as well as a library of functions. Each container may include subordinate operating systems as well as a library of functions.

The computer programs 902 may also include a fourth level 906 of one or more application software programs and/or probes. An application software program may be any of the software systems as herein described.

In one embodiment, a probe may include a software program that monitors and/or measures (and reports to a monitoring system such as the monitoring system 222) one or more operational parameters of any of the lower levels (such as the third level 908, the base operating system 910, and/or the firmware 912 of a first level), the hardware 904, and/or operating parameters of one or more applications. For example, an application or a probe may be executed over the base operating system 910 directly, over a virtual machine (typically executing a subordinate operating system), or embedded within a container (typically also embedding a subordinate operating system).

In various embodiments, the communication network and network management system of FIG. 2A may orchestrate (and/or manage, control) any component of any level of the computational device 802. Additionally, any component of any level of the computational device 802 may measure one or more operational parameters and report such within the event log 220, typically according to a monitoring rule (such as the monitoring rules 248), to the monitoring system 222. Further, the operations associated with network configuration, configuration change, reconfiguration, and/or migration, may refer to any software component of any level shown of the block diagram 900.

More illustrative information will now be set forth regarding various optional architectures and uses in which the foregoing method may or may not be implemented, per the desires of the user. It should be strongly noted that the following information is set forth for illustrative purposes and should not be construed as limiting in any manner. Any of the following features may be optionally incorporated with or without the exclusion of other features described.

In this respect, the SLA 210 or any similar descriptions of wanted and/or unwanted network behavior (e.g., cost saving, service fault, cyber-security attack/breech, etc.) may be used to define a corresponding one or more parametrized network situations. A network situation 1022 may be parametrized in the sense that it can be detected when the value of one or more operational parameters of the network reaches a particular threshold, etc.

The monitoring rules 248 may be devised and implemented in sufficient network entities 218 to report the pertinent parameters identifying the respective network situation. The network situation may be detected in the log data 224 of the communication network and properly labeled. The AI-learning system 510 may be used to detect a classifier (such as a log-pattern, or a pattern of event parameters reported by various network entities 218, where the log-pattern predicts a following network situation). In one embodiment, the AI-learning system 510 may operate in two steps where an unsupervised AI learning may search for a classifier and the AI-learning system 510 may then create an AI-model 244 to automatically detect a particular single classifier instance.

In a first step, an unsupervised AI learning may search for a classifier, such as a correlated repetition of patterns in the log data 224 preceding the network situation within a particular time range, wherein the time range may be statistically significant. Additionally, this may include a statistical process where the AI-learning system 510 may investigate a large number of instances of a particular type of network situation (as labeled) to identify a repetitive pattern of the log data 224 (which may be found immediately preceding the network situation within a particular time range), which may be identified as lead-time. It should be noted that there may be any number of different patterns of the log data 224 preceding a network situation type. In this sense, ‘immediately’ may mean within a predefined time range.

In a second step, the AI-learning system 510 may create an AI-model (such as the run-time rules and/or AI models 244) to automatically detect a particular single classifier instance wherein the classifier (or the associated network situation) may have a confidence level representing the probability that the detected classifier will indeed mature into a network situation within a time range about the lead-time.

It should be further noted that these two steps may be implemented as a single procedure performing these two steps as a combined iterative process of detecting the classifier and creating the AI-model.

In one embodiment, the product of the AI-learning system 510 may be an AI model that detects a particular classifier. Further, the classifier may be a pattern of data elements, and the AI-model is a piece of software (e.g., a neural network) that detects the particular pattern in a stream of log data, so that, although the classifier and the AI-model may be different, they may also be closely related. Thus, parameters associated with the classifier may be associated with the AI-model and vice versa.

In one embodiment, the classifier, and hence the respective AI-model, may include such parameters as the time of the classifier, an identification of a particular type of network situation that may follow the classifier, a lead-time, and possibly a time range, a confidence level, and parameter characterization. In the context of the present description, the term confidence level may refer to the probability that the identified network situation will mature within a predetermined time range. In one embodiment, the predetermined time range may be at the end of the lead-time following the time of the classifier. Other parameters may include parameters associated with a group of classifiers and/or AI-models, such as a resolution stage (level) and minimum reconfiguration time, which may be associated with the network situation, etc.

Although the classifier itself may be unknown, the AI-learning system 510 may provide some data about the classifier, such as the parameters that the AI-model may process to detect an identifier. Additionally, these parameters may form a parameter characterization data and, thus, the parameter characterization data of a particular AI-model may identify each such parameter by type, as well as the particular network entities reporting the particular parameter.

In one embodiment, while the AI-learning system 510 may scan for a lower resolution classifier, the AI-learning system 510 may be requested to look for a classifier with a lead-time longer than any higher resolution classifier. In another embodiment, while the AI-learning system 510 scans for a higher resolution classifier, the learning system may be requested to look for a classifier with higher confidence level than any lower resolution classifier. Therefore, the AI-learning system 510 may produce a multi-stage structure of AI-models with increasing resolution, increasing confidence level, and decreasing lead-time (and vice versa).

FIG. 10 illustrates a system 1000 for automatically damping a feedback load, in accordance with one embodiment. As an option, the system 1000 may be implemented in the context of any one or more of the embodiments set forth in any previous and/or subsequent figure(s) and/or description thereof. Of course, however, the system 1000 may be implemented in the context of any desired environment. Further, the aforementioned definitions may equally apply to the description below.

In one embodiment, a communication network A 1001 and accompanying network management system 1012 connect via a network connection to communication network B 1004 and accompanying network management system 1014 to automatically damp a feedback load change detected in the managed network. As a non-limiting example, damping may be based on a network management and/or orchestration system (such as the orchestration system 238) of a communication network A identifying a load change incoming from a neighboring communication network B, the load change being associated, in whole or in part, with a previous load change at the output of communication network A (which may not be necessarily directed to an input of communication network B). In one embodiment, the communication network A 1001, the communication network B 1004, and/or the communication network C 1007 may be sub-networks of the same communication network.

In operation, a load change 1002 of communication network A 1001 may originate from the communication network A 1001, and may travel as a load change 1003 of communication network A 1001. In one embodiment, the tag record 1 1020 of communication network A 1001 may include information associated with the load change 1002 resulting in a configuration change of the communication network A 1001. Moreover, the load change 1003 may originate as the load change 1002 of the communication network A 1001 and which may influence the communication network B 1004. Additionally, the tag record 1 1020 of communication network A 1001 may be communicated to neighboring communication network B 1004 if it is determined that neighboring communication network B 1004 is affected by the load change 1003 and/or the load change 1002 of communication network A 1001.

For example, a network management system of the communication network A 1001 may determine that a load change travelling to the communication network B 1004 is associated with a particular configuration. The process of computing the configuration change by the network management system of the communication network A 1001 may rely on resources provided by network B, effectively relaying some excessive load to the communication network B 1004. In one embodiment, the term “excessive load” may work both ways, such as by “reducing load”.

Thereafter, for example, a network management system of the communication network B 1004 may determine that a load change travelling to another network is associated with a configuration change that resulted, at least on part, from a load change arriving from the communication network A 1001.

It is to be appreciated that although the system 1000 depicts arrows flowing from one network to another (e.g., from the communication network A 1001 to the communication network B 1004), the flow of information could, in like manner, flow in the opposite direction (e.g., from the communication network B 1004 to the communication network A 1001). As such the specific direction of the arrows in the system 1000 is shown in only a single direction, consistent with a movement of a particular tag record. In like manner, other tag records (different from the particular tag record) may flow in an opposite direction.

Additionally, a load change 1005 of communication network B 1004 may originate from the communication network B 1004, and may travel to the communication network C 1007 as a load change 1006 of communication network B 1004. In one embodiment, the tag record 2 1024 of the communication network B 1004 may include information associated with the load change 1005 resulting in a configuration change of the communication network B 1004. Moreover, the load change 1006 may originate as the load change 1005 of the communication network B 1004 and which may influence the communication network C 1007. Additionally, the tag record 1 1020 and the tag record 2 1024 may be compared by communication network B management system 1014, and, based on the load change 1006 and/or the load change 1005 of the communication network B 1004, the tag record 1 1020 and the tag record 2 1024 of the communication network B 1004 may be communicated to neighboring communication network C 1007 if it is determined that neighboring communication network C 1007 is affected by the load change 1006 and/or the load change 1005 of the communication network B 1004.

Further, a load change 1008 of communication network C 1007 may originate from the communication network C 1007, and may travel as a load change 1009 of communication network C 1007. In one embodiment, the tag record 3 1028 of the communication network C 1007 may include information associated with the load change 1008 resulting in a configuration change of the communication network C 1007. Moreover, the load change 1009 may originate as the load change 1008 of the communication network C 1007 and which may influence the communication network A 1001. Additionally, the tag record 1 1020, the tag record 2 1024, and the tag record 3 1028 may be compared by the communication network C management system 1016, and, based on the load change 1009 and/or the load change 1008 of the communication network C 1007, the tag record 1 1020, the tag record 2 1024, and the tag record 3 1028 of the communication network C 1007 may be communicated to neighboring communication network A 1001 if it is determined that neighboring communication network A 1001 is affected by the load change 1009 and/or the load change 1008 of the communication network C 1007.

Still yet, the tag record 1 1020, the tag record 2 1024, and the tag record 3 1028 of communication network C 1007 may be passed back to communication network A 1001 (if and when the load change 1008 and/or the load change 1009 is effected) where the communication network A management system 1012 may pass the tag record 1 1020 to an AI-based network management system where tag record 1 1020 is analyzed using existing management system AI rules 1032 database(s) (including network configuration 1033, configuration changes 1034, and/or weighting factors 1035), and a new tag record 1040 is generated and transmitted back to the communication network. In one embodiment, tag record 1 1040 may be tag record 1 1020. In a particular embodiment, the effect of the load change 1008 and/or the load change 1009 may be mitigated according to information provided in the tag record 1 1020, as well as in the tag record 3 1028, and/or the tag record 21024.

In other embodiments, the AI-based network management system may generate the log data 224. From the log data 224 the AI-based network management system may generate the training data 508 and the testing data 512. Using the training data 508 and the testing data 512, the AI-based network management system may generate AI-rules.

Following a load change analyzed using one or more AI rules and considering relevant weighting factors, the AI-based network management system may generate a new network configuration 236 and/or configuration change. This information (which may include the configuration change as well as associated information, such as AI models involved, parameters associated with the AI models involved, etc.) may be included in the tag sent to any other communication network affected by the load-change. When the AI-based network management system receives a load change from another network, accompanied by one or more tag records, the AI-based network management system may use information provided in the respective tag records to modify the abovementioned weighting factors to mitigate possible feedback effect.

In another embodiment, the new tag record 1040 may result from a load change travelling to another network, or from a load change associated with a network reconfiguration. In one embodiment, load changes 1036 (including but be limited to the load change 1003, the load change 1006, and/or the load change 1009) may affect both the log data 1030, as well as the weighting factors 1035, which in turn may affect the configuration changes 1034, which in turn, may affect the network configuration 1033. In this manner, the AI-based network management system may administer network changes based on load changes.

Although items 1030, 1031, 1032, 1033, 1034, 1035, 1036, and 1040 are shown with respect to the communication network A management system 1012, such items may equally be found for any communication network management system (including the communication network B management system 1014 and communication network C management system 1016).

FIG. 11 illustrates a method 1100 for creating an association tag record, in accordance with one embodiment. As an option, the method 1100 may be implemented in the context of any one or more of the embodiments set forth in any previous and/or subsequent figure(s) and/or description thereof. Of course, however, the method 1100 may be implemented in the context of any desired environment. Further, the aforementioned definitions may equally apply to the description below.

As shown, an internal load change is identified. See operation 1102. In one embodiment, a load change caused by a configuration change may travel from one network to another causing a travelling disturbance that may form a loop between two or more communication networks or sub-networks. Additionally, a disturbance may oscillate and have various types of disadvantageous consequences, including excessive cost due to unnecessary network reconfiguration changes, deterioration of one or more network services, and network stoppage or crash. In another embodiment, load change cause(s) and/or source(s) may be identified by tagging load changes, particularly as such load change is presented at the output of one network to the input of another network.

Additionally, a new configuration is determined. See operation 1104. Further, a configuration change is determined. See operation 1106. In one embodiment, a configuration change may include any type of change in network configuration, particularly due to load change. In one embodiment, load conditions, load requirements, and/or load changes are analyzed by a network management and/or orchestration system to determine whether a configuration change is necessary or which configuration is optimal, and may subsequently generate a configuration change. In one embodiment, a configuration change may result from a fault in the network, preventive maintenance, and/or response to a cyber-attack, etc. In another embodiment, a configuration change may be analyzed, determined, and effected by an AI-based network management and/or orchestration system using one or more artificial intelligence (AI) engines. It should be noted that an AI-engine may use A rules, typically created by another AI-engine using deep learning and/or machine learning technology to analyze training data typically based, or sourced from, the network's log data. It should be further noted that the AI-based network management and/or orchestration system may use such rules to analyze load changes, determine a configuration change, and effect the configuration change.

In another embodiment, a configuration change may be tagged, otherwise identified, and/or associated with at least one particular cause, which may include a particular load change, requirement, fault, and/or cyber-attack, etc. For example, an AI-based network management and/or orchestration system may tag and/or associate a configuration change with one or more of the causes for the particular configuration change. In one embodiment, any cause tagged and/or associated with a configuration change may be assigned a weighting factor representing the effect that the particular cause has upon the manner in which the particular configuration change is determined.

In yet another embodiment, an AI-based network management and/or orchestration system may analyze the rules contributing to a particular configuration change to determine load changes considered by each of these rules and the AI-based network management and/or orchestration system may thereafter analyze and determine the effect, or weight, of each load change on the result. In one embodiment, the AI-based network optimizing system 234 and/or the orchestration system 238 may analyze and determine the effect, or weight, of each load change on the resulting configuration change computed for the particular load change. Further, an AI-based network management and/or orchestration system may then analyze and determine the cumulative effect, or weight, of each such load change on the resulting configuration change.

In addition, events and respective rules are associated with respective new configuration and/or respective configuration change. See operation 1108. Further, an association tag record and store are created. See operation 1110.

Moreover, it is determined whether a neighboring network is affected. See operation 1112. If no neighboring network is affected, then the method 1100 returns to operation 1102. If a neighboring network is affected, an association tag is sent to neighboring network (associated with load change effecting the neighboring network) as in operation 1114, thereafter the method 1100 returns to operation 1102.

FIG. 12 illustrates a method 1200 for damping feedback load based on weights, in accordance with one embodiment. As an option, the method 1200 may be implemented in the context of any one or more of the embodiments set forth in any previous and/or subsequent figure(s) and/or description thereof. Of course, however, the method 1200 may be implemented in the context of any desired environment. Further, the aforementioned definitions may equally apply to the description below.

It is to be understood that, as shown in FIG. 12, a tag that network A has originated (and has sent to network B) may return to network A (from network B or C) and may be used to identify the feedback load and to dampen its effect on the computing of a new network configuration. Weights, and/or weighting factors, may be used to dampen feedback load. The type and value of the weighting factors used may be derived from, or based on, information provided in the tags received from the neighboring network, and particularly tags that local network (e.g., network A) has originated.

As shown, a load change incoming from a neighboring network and associated tag-list is identified. See operation 1202. In the context of the present description, the term “tag-list” may refer to a collection of tags received from a neighboring network. In one embodiment, the tag-list may be associated with a particular load-change incoming from a neighboring network sending the tag-list. Similarly, a tag-list may be communicated by first network (e.g., network A) to a second network (e.g., network B), and which may be associated with a particular load-change travelling from the first network to the second network. Further, the tag-list may include tags produced by different networks in association with the travelling load-change.

In one embodiment, upon detecting a load change from a neighboring network, an AI-based network management and/or orchestration system may consider a recent tag record received from the same neighboring network and the AI-based network management and/or orchestration system detecting the load change may identify, within the recently-received tag record, tag records created by the receiving network. In another embodiment, when recent load changes by an AI-engine are analyzed, the AI-based network management and/or orchestration system may feed its AI-engine the load change from the neighboring network in a damped form. It should be noted that the damped form of the load change from the neighboring network may contain damped, reduced, and/or weighted values for components associated with tag records (and/or tag record identifiers) included in the recent tag record received from the particular neighboring network. It further should be noted that a tag record communicated between two communication networks may include tag records from other networks, including tag records from networks not directly coupled to one or both of the two networks.

Additionally, tags originated by local network in tag-list associated with incoming load change are looked for. See operation 1204. In the context of the present description, the term “local network” refers to the network in receipt of a tag-list. In one embodiment, the local network may receive a tag originated by itself. As such, a network receiving a tag-list including a tag it originated may be construed as being local.

Further, it is determined whether a tag originated by a local network. See operation 1206. If no tag is originated by the local network, then the method 1200 returns to operation 1202. If a tag is originated by the local network, then events associated with rules associated with configuration change associated with a tag are identified, as in operation 1208.

Still further, the effect of the incoming change is damped by effecting weights on incoming load-change and/or respective AI rules. See operation 1210. In one embodiment, the particular load-change and/or configuration optimization rules may be used to compute a new network configuration. Finally, databases are updated based on the damping of the incoming change(s). See operation 1212. For example, databases which may be updated may include system log 1214, database threats 1216, database rules 1218, and AI training data 1220.

FIG. 13 illustrates a method 1300 for mitigating a first feedback component received by a first communication network from a second communication network, in accordance with one embodiment. As an option, the method 1300 may be implemented in the context of any one or more of the embodiments set forth in any previous and/or subsequent figure(s) and/or description thereof. Of course, however, the method 1300 may be implemented in the context of any desired environment. Further, the aforementioned definitions may equally apply to the description below.

The term “feedback component” may refer to one or more components of the load-change received by a first communication network from any other communication network (which may be associated with a previous load-change communicated by the first communication network to any other communication network). When a feedback load-change is identified, an effect of this load-change on an optimization process determining the need for a change in the configuration of network A may be damped. For example, the feedback component in this load-changed may be reduced or entirely eliminated.

As shown, a first tag record of a first communication network is created, wherein the first tag record includes data associating a first load change of the first communication network with a configuration change of the first communication network. See operation 1302. Additionally, the first tag record of the first communication network is communicated to another communication network. See operation 1304.

Further, a first load change of the another communication network is detected at the first communication network. See operation 1306. In one embodiment, the another communication network may include a second (or any number of) communication network. In addition, a first tag record of the another communication network is received at the first communication network from the another communication network based on the first load change, wherein the first tag record of the another communication network includes (e.g. by a tag list) at least data from the first tag record of the first communication network. See operation 1308.

Furthermore, a feedback component in the first load change of the another work may be identified by analyzing information provided by the first tag record originated by the first communication network, and an effect of the feedback component may be damped on a reconfiguration of the first communication network, and further, a second tag of the first communication network may be created including at least in part information of the feedback component. See operation 1310. In one embodiment, a feedback component may include one or more components of the load change associated with the previous load change at the output of a communication network.

In one embodiment, the first communication network may receive a feedback component as part of a load change received from another network, where this feedback component has originated in the first communication network. The first communication network may then reduce or eliminate the effect of the feedback component on a current reconfiguration process. Such damping may include modifying at least one value associated with the first tag record of the first communication network.

Additionally, a second load change of the first communication network may be detected. Further, a second tag record of the first communication network may be communicated to a communication network affected by the second load change. The second tag record of the second communication network may include data from the first tag record of the first communication network, the first tag record of the second communication network, etc. Further still, when it is determined that the second load change of the second communication network causes a third load change, a third tag record may be created.

FIG. 14 illustrates a network architecture 1400, in accordance with one possible embodiment. As shown, at least one network 1402 is provided. In the context of the present network architecture 1400, the network 1402 may take any form including, but not limited to a telecommunications network, a local area network (LAN), a wireless network, a wide area network (WAN) such as the Internet, peer-to-peer network, cable network, etc. While only one network is shown, it should be understood that two or more similar or different networks 1402 may be provided.

Coupled to the network 1402 is a plurality of devices. For example, a server computer 1412 and an end user computer 1408 may be coupled to the network 1402 for communication purposes. Such end user computer 1408 may include a desktop computer, lap-top computer, and/or any other type of logic. Still yet, various other devices may be coupled to the network 1402 including a personal digital assistant (PDA) device 1410, a mobile phone device 1406, a television 1404, etc.

FIG. 15 illustrates an exemplary system 1500, in accordance with one embodiment. As an option, the system 1500 may be implemented in the context of any of the devices of the network architecture 1400 of FIG. 14. Of course, the system 1500 may be implemented in any desired environment.

As shown, a system 1500 is provided including at least one central processor 1502 which is connected to a communication bus 1512. The system 1500 also includes main memory 1504 [e.g. random access memory (RAM), etc.]. The system 1500 also includes a graphics processor 1508 and a display 1510.

The system 1500 may also include a secondary storage 1506. The secondary storage 1506 includes, for example, a hard disk drive and/or a removable storage drive, representing a floppy disk drive, a magnetic tape drive, a compact disk drive, etc. The removable storage drive reads from and/or writes to a removable storage unit in a well known manner.

Computer programs, or computer control logic algorithms, may be stored in the main memory 1504, the secondary storage 1506, and/or any other memory, for that matter. Such computer programs, when executed, enable the system 1500 to perform various functions (as set forth above, for example). Memory 1504, storage 1506 and/or any other storage are possible examples of non-transitory computer-readable media. It is noted that the techniques described herein, in an aspect, are embodied in executable instructions stored in a computer readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution machine, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based or processor-containing machine, apparatus, or device. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that for some embodiments, other types of computer readable media are included which may store data that is accessible by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes, flash memory cards, digital video disks, Bernoulli cartridges, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), and the like.

As used here, a “computer-readable medium” includes one or more of any suitable media for storing the executable instructions of a computer program such that the instruction execution machine, system, apparatus, or device may read (or fetch) the instructions from the computer readable medium and execute the instructions for carrying out the described methods. Suitable storage formats include one or more of an electronic, magnetic, optical, and electromagnetic format. A non-exhaustive list of conventional exemplary computer readable medium includes: a portable computer diskette; a RAM; a ROM; an erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM or flash memory); optical storage devices, including a portable compact disc (CD), a portable digital video disc (DVD), a high definition DVD (HD-DVD™), a BLU-RAY disc; and the like.

It should be understood that the arrangement of components illustrated in the Figures described are exemplary and that other arrangements are possible. It should also be understood that the various system components (and means) defined by the claims, described below, and illustrated in the various block diagrams represent logical components in some systems configured according to the subject matter disclosed herein.

For example, one or more of these system components (and means) may be realized, in whole or in part, by at least some of the components illustrated in the arrangements illustrated in the described Figures. In addition, while at least one of these components are implemented at least partially as an electronic hardware component, and therefore constitutes a machine, the other components may be implemented in software that when included in an execution environment constitutes a machine, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware.

More particularly, at least one component defined by the claims is implemented at least partially as an electronic hardware component, such as an instruction execution machine (e.g., a processor-based or processor-containing machine) and/or as specialized circuits or circuitry (e.g., discreet logic gates interconnected to perform a specialized function). Other components may be implemented in software, hardware, or a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, some or all of these other components may be combined, some may be omitted altogether, and additional components may be added while still achieving the functionality described herein. Thus, the subject matter described herein may be embodied in many different variations, and all such variations are contemplated to be within the scope of what is claimed.

In the description above, the subject matter is described with reference to acts and symbolic representations of operations that are performed by one or more devices, unless indicated otherwise. As such, it will be understood that such acts and operations, which are at times referred to as being computer-executed, include the manipulation by the processor of data in a structured form. This manipulation transforms the data or maintains it at locations in the memory system of the computer, which reconfigures or otherwise alters the operation of the device in a manner well understood by those skilled in the art. The data is maintained at physical locations of the memory as data structures that have particular properties defined by the format of the data. However, while the subject matter is being described in the foregoing context, it is not meant to be limiting as those of skill in the art will appreciate that various of the acts and operations described hereinafter may also be implemented in hardware.

To facilitate an understanding of the subject matter described herein, many aspects are described in terms of sequences of actions. At least one of these aspects defined by the claims is performed by an electronic hardware component. For example, it will be recognized that the various actions may be performed by specialized circuits or circuitry, by program instructions being executed by one or more processors, or by a combination of both. The description herein of any sequence of actions is not intended to imply that the specific order described for performing that sequence must be followed. All methods described herein may be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in the context of describing the subject matter (particularly in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. Furthermore, the foregoing description is for the purpose of illustration only, and not for the purpose of limitation, as the scope of protection sought is defined by the claims as set forth hereinafter together with any equivalents thereof entitled to. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illustrate the subject matter and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the subject matter unless otherwise claimed. The use of the term “based on” and other like phrases indicating a condition for bringing about a result, both in the claims and in the written description, is not intended to foreclose any other conditions that bring about that result. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention as claimed.

The embodiments described herein included the one or more modes known to the inventor for carrying out the claimed subject matter. Of course, variations of those embodiments will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. The inventor expects skilled artisans to employ such variations as appropriate, and the inventor intends for the claimed subject matter to be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. Accordingly, this claimed subject matter includes all modifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in the claims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, any combination of the above-described elements in all possible variations thereof is encompassed unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer program product comprising computer executable instructions stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium that when executed by a processor instruct the processor to: determine a first load change of a first communication network managed by an automatic network management system, the first load change being a change to a condition or requirement of a load within the first communication network; determine a first configuration change of the first communication network based on the first load change of the first communication network; create a first tag record by the first communication network based on the first load change of the first communication network and the first configuration change of the first communication network; communicate the first tag record from the first communication network to a second communication network; receive a first tag record of another communication network from the second communication network, wherein the first tag record of the another communication network includes data from the first tag record of the first communication network; receive a first load change of the second communication network; and automatically modify at least one value associated with the first load change of the another communication network based on the data from the first tag record of the first communication network.
 2. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the modifying includes reducing or eliminating the first load change of the second communication network.
 3. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the first tag record of the second communication network includes data associated with the first load change of the second communication network.
 4. The computer program product of claim 3, wherein a second tag record of the first communication network includes the data associated with the first load change of the second communication network.
 5. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the first load change of the first communication network and the first load change of the second communication network includes a change of at least one of: bandwidth, latency, jitter, processing power, memory, or storage.
 6. The computer program product of claim 5, wherein the first load change of the first communication network and the first load change of the second communication network includes a change of a network requirement, a network use, a network consumption, a network parameter, or a network service.
 7. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the first load change of the first communication network and the first load change of the second communication occurs based on a network fault or a cyber attack.
 8. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein automatically modify is processed by an artificial intelligence network management system.
 9. The computer program product of claim 8, wherein an effect of the first tag record of the second communication network on the first communication network is assigned a weighting factor by the artificial intelligence network management system.
 10. The computer program product of claim 9, wherein automatically modify includes modifying at least one value associated with the first tag record of the first communication network based on the weighting factor.
 11. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the first tag record of the second communication is received prior to receiving the first load change.
 12. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the first tag record of the second communication network includes additional tag records of other communication networks.
 13. The computer program product of claim 12, wherein the other communication networks include at least another network not directly coupled to one or both of the first communication network and the second communication network.
 14. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the first communication network and the second communication network are each different subnetworks of a same communication network.
 15. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the first communication network and the second communication network are different network slices of a same communication network.
 16. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the first communication network and the second communication network overlap.
 17. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the first tag record of the second communication network includes data associated with a first tag record received from a third communication network, which in turn, includes data associated with the first tag record of the first communication network communicated to the third communication network.
 18. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the first tag record of the first communication network comprises a plurality of tag records.
 19. The computer program product of claim 1, wherein the first tag record of the first communication network comprises a plurality of tag records received from a plurality of communication networks which are associated with at least one of the first load change or the first configuration change.
 20. A method, comprising: determining a first load change of a first communication network managed by an automatic network management system, the first load change being a change to a condition or requirement of a load within the first communication network; determining a first configuration change of the first communication network based on the first load change of the first communication network; creating a first tag record of the first communication network based on the first load change of the first communication network and the first configuration change of the first communication network; communicating the first tag record of the first communication network to a second communication network; receiving a first tag record of another communication network from the second communication network, wherein the first tag record of the another communication network includes data from the first tag record of the first communication network; receiving a first load change of the second communication network; and automatically modifying at least one value associated with the first load change of the another communication network based on the data from the first tag record of the first communication network.
 21. A device, comprising: a non-transitory memory storing instructions; and one or more processors in communication with the non-transitory memory, wherein the one or more processors execute the instructions to: determine a first load change of a first communication network managed by an automatic network management system, the first load change being a change to a condition or requirement of a load within the first communication network; determine a first configuration change of the first communication network based on the first load change of the first communication network; create a first tag record of the first communication network based on the first load change of the first communication network and the first configuration change of the first communication network; communicate the first tag record of the first communication network to a second communication network; receive a first tag record of another communication network from the second communication network, wherein the first tag record of the another communication network includes data from the first tag record of the first communication network; receive a first load change of the second communication network; and automatically modify at least one value associated with the first load change of the another communication network based on the data from the first tag record of the first communication network. 